High efficiency two stage inverter

ABSTRACT

In a two stage inverter providing power to a load, a first stage component is operable to receive a first voltage input and a first control input to generate a first voltage output, which is higher than the first voltage input. The first control input is indicative of the power provided to the load. The first voltage output varies in response to a change in the first voltage input by a predefined function. A second stage component of the inverter is operable to receive the first voltage output and a second control input to generate the power as an output. The second control input is indicative of the power provided to the load. A controller component of the inverter is operable to receive a feedback input indicative of the power required by the load and generates the first and second control inputs.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

The present application is a Divisional of U.S. application Ser. No.10/896,265, filed on Jul. 21, 2004, the disclosure of which isincorporated herein by reference.

BACKGROUND

The present disclosure relates generally to the field of power suppliesfor information handling systems, and more particularly to techniquesfor efficiently providing power to drive a discharge lamp, such as acold cathode fluorescent lamp (CCFL).

As the value and use of information continues to increase, individualsand businesses seek additional ways to acquire, process and storeinformation. One option available to users is information handlingsystems. An information handling system (IHS) generally processes,compiles, stores, and/or communicates information or data for business,personal, or other purposes thereby allowing users to take advantage ofthe value of the information. Because technology and informationhandling needs and requirements vary between different users orapplications, information handling systems may also vary regarding whatinformation is handled, how the information is handled, how muchinformation is processed, stored, or communicated, and how quickly andefficiently the information may be processed, stored, or communicated.The variations in information handling systems allow for informationhandling systems to be general or configured for a specific user orspecific use such as financial transaction processing, airlinereservations, enterprise data storage, or global communications. Inaddition, information handling systems may include a variety of hardwareand software components that may be configured to process, store, andcommunicate information and may include one or more computer systems,data storage systems, and networking systems.

Liquid crystal display (LCD) panel based display devices have beencommonly utilized in many IHS systems due to their compact size, and lowpower consumption. Although there are different types of backlights(e.g., light sources including a discharge lamp), which are currentlyused for backlighting the latest LCD panels, the CCFL (also known ascold cathode fluorescent tube (CCFT)) is most commonly used. Circuitsfor supplying power to CCFL's generally require a controllablealternating current (AC) power supply and a feedback loop to accuratelymonitor the current in the lamp in order to maintain operating stabilityof the circuit and to have an ability to vary the lamp brightness. Suchcircuits typically generate a high voltage to initially turn on the CCFLand then lower the voltage when current begins to flow through the lamp.

Such circuits also typically include an inverter circuit to convert adirect current (DC) voltage received as an input to a regulated ACcurrent generated as an output. Inverter circuits typically include acontroller component, such as a pulse width modulator (PWM) basedcontroller. Various well-known inverter circuit configurations or“topologies” include a Royeroscillator, full-bridge or half-bridgeinverters.

The CCFL power consumption may account for a significant portion (e.g.,up to 50% in some cases) of the IHS system power requirement, especiallyfor portable systems. Therefore, there is a considerable amount ofinterest to achieve advantages in extending battery life and reducingre-charge frequency by improving the efficiency of power suppliesconfigured to provide power to the CCFL.

Traditional inverter circuits may use a single stage or two stageinverter. FIG. 1 illustrates a block diagram for a commerciallyavailable two stage inverter 100, such as model INVC638 LCD backlightinverter manufactured by Hitachi Media Electronics. In such inverters,the output of a first stage DC-DC booster, which is provided as an inputto a second stage inverter, is held substantially constant. The secondstage includes a resonant push-pull inverter. The traditional two stageinverter regulates the output (current provided to the CCFL load) byvarying the duty cycle to the first stage. The second stage operates ata fixed frequency and duty cycle, independently of the first stage dutycycle.

Presently, many single stage and two stage inverters do not maintainhigh efficiency over wide variations in input voltage. In traditionalinverter based power circuits, a wider input voltage range, and/or alarger difference between the input and output voltages typically causesa decrease in power conversion efficiency.

Historically, the battery cell stacks and cell technology havedetermined the range of input voltage provided to the first stage.Presently, a voltage range for battery cell stacks working incombination with AC/DC adaptors typically varies from 9V-22V. With thetrend towards lowering battery cell stack voltages, in the near term,maturing battery technology may extend this range to 6V-22V. Furtheradvances in battery technology may cause the low end of the voltagerange to drop even further. This typically results in generating moreheat in the inverter thereby reducing battery run time.

Therefore, a need exists for improved efficiency of the power circuitsproviding power to the CCFL. More specifically, a need exists to developtools and techniques for improving the efficiency of inverters underchanging input voltage. Accordingly, it would be desirable to providetools and techniques for an improved inverter of an IHS absent thedisadvantages found in the prior methods discussed above.

SUMMARY

The foregoing need is addressed by the teachings of the presentdisclosure, which relates to an improved two stage inverter of an IHS.According to one embodiment, a first stage component is operable toreceive a first voltage input and a first control input to generate afirst voltage output, which is higher than the first voltage input. Thefirst control input is indicative of the power provided to the load. Thefirst voltage output varies in response to a change in the first voltageinput by a predefined function. A second stage component of the inverteris operable to receive the first voltage output and a second controlinput to generate the power as an output. The second control input isindicative of the power provided to the load. A controller component ofthe inverter is operable to receive a feedback input indicative of thepower required by the load and generates the first and second controlinputs.

The embodiments advantageously provide for an improved two stageinverter, because a first stage of the inverter includes a variableboost voltage output mechanism to advantageously accommodate DC inputvoltages having a wider range and a second stage of the inverterincludes a control signal to adjust the duty cycle. Thus, the overallefficiency of the two stage inverter is advantageously improved byvarying the boost voltage output and adjusting a duty cycle of a secondstage of the inverter.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 described hereinabove, illustrates a block diagram for acommercially available two stage inverter, according to prior art.

FIG. 2 illustrates a schematic diagram for an improved two stageinverter for providing power to a load, according to an embodiment.

FIG. 3A illustrates waveforms associated with the operation of the firstand second switches of FIG. 2, according to an embodiment.

FIG. 3B illustrates a graphical relationship between efficiency of thefirst stage component and the first voltage input of FIG. 2, accordingto an embodiment.

FIG. 3C illustrates a graphical relationship between efficiency of thesecond stage component and the first voltage output of FIG. 2, accordingto an embodiment.

FIG. 3D illustrates a graphical relationship between overall efficiencyof the improved two stage inverter and the first voltage output of FIG.2, according to an embodiment.

FIG. 4 is a flow chart illustrating a method for improving efficiency ofthe two stage inverter of FIG. 2 providing power to the load, accordingto an embodiment.

FIG. 5 illustrates a block diagram of an information handling systemhaving an improved two stage inverter, according to an embodiment.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Novel features believed characteristic of the present disclosure are setforth in the appended claims. The disclosure itself, however, as well asa preferred mode of use, various objectives and advantages thereof, willbest be understood by reference to the following detailed description ofan illustrative embodiment when read in conjunction with theaccompanying drawings. The functionality of various circuits, devices orcomponents described herein may be implemented as hardware (includingdiscrete components, integrated circuits and systems-on-a-chip),firmware (including application specific integrated circuits andprogrammable chips) and/or software or a combination thereof, dependingon the application requirements.

Receiving a wider range of DC input voltage, as well as changes in theinput voltage, causes a loss of power conversion for the traditional twostage inverter circuits. This generates more heat and causes a reducedbattery run time. It would be desirable to improve the efficiency of twostage inverters operating under a wider range of voltage inputs andchanging voltage conditions. The problem of degraded efficiency undervarying DC voltage input having a wider range is advantageously improvedby adding a second feedback control loop to the two stage inverter. Thistechnique improves power conversion efficiency over a wider range ofchanging DC input voltages.

According to one embodiment, in a method and system for an improved twostage inverter providing power to a load, a first stage component isoperable to receive a first voltage input and a first control input togenerate a first voltage output, which is higher than the first voltageinput. The first control input is indicative of the power provided tothe load. The first voltage output varies in response to a change in thefirst voltage input by a predefined function. A second stage componentof the inverter is operable to receive the first voltage output and asecond control input to generate the power as an output. The secondcontrol input is indicative of the power provided to the load. Acontroller component of the inverter is operable to receive a feedbackinput indicative of the power required by the load and generates thefirst and second control inputs.

FIG. 2 illustrates a schematic diagram for an improved two stageinverter 200 providing power to a load 290, according to one embodiment.In the depicted embodiment, the two stage inverter 200 includes thefollowing components: a) a first stage component 210, b) a second stagecomponent 220 coupled to the first stage component 210 in a cascadearrangement, and c) a controller component 230. In this embodiment, thefirst stage component 210 is a DC-DC boost converter and the secondstage component 220 is a resonant push-pull DC-AC inverter.

In one embodiment, the first stage component 210 receives a firstvoltage input 212 and a first control input 214 and generates a firstvoltage output 216, which is greater than the first voltage input 212.The first control input 214, which is generated by the controllercomponent 230, is indicative of the power provided to the load 290. Thevalue of the first voltage input 212 depends on the power source(PWR_SRC) 201 selected and may vary between a battery voltage(approximately between 6V and 17V) and an AC adapter voltage(approximately between 18V and 22V). The value of a current drawn fromthe power source 201 is dependent on the power required by the load 290.

As described earlier, the first stage component 210 is a DC-DC boostconverter. In one embodiment, the DC-DC boost converter includes aninductor 202 coupled in series with a diode device 211 charging a firstcapacitor 213. The first voltage input 212, which is received as inputto the first stage component 210, is switched by a first switch 215,which is controlled by the first control input 214 generated by thecontroller component 230. The first control input 214 adjusts a dutycycle of the first stage component 210 to vary the first voltage output216, in response to the power required by the load 290.

In one embodiment, the first voltage output 216 is variable and variesin response to a change in the first voltage input 212 by a predefinedfunction. That is, the relationship between Y=the first voltage output216 and X=the first voltage input 212 is defined by an equation 100:Y=f(X)  Equation 100where f is a predefined function.

In one embodiment, the equation 100 is represented by the followingpredefined function:Y=V_(start)+(X−X_(min))*Constant  Equation 110where V_(Start) is a starting or an initial value for the first voltageinput 212, X_(min) defines the minimum voltage value for the firstvoltage input 212 such as 6V, and constant defines a gain factorassociated with the first stage component 210. The predefined functioncomputes a difference between the first voltage input 212 and a minimumvoltage value of the first voltage input 212. The first voltage output216 is generated by adding a starting value (V_(start)) for the firstvoltage input to the difference multiplied by the gain factor. In oneembodiment, other forms of predefined functions are also contemplated,all of which result in the first voltage output 216 being varied as afunction of changes in the first voltage input 212.

In one embodiment, the second stage component 220 receives the firstvoltage output 216 and a second control input 222 and generates an ACoutput 224, which provides power to the load 290. The second controlinput 222, which is generated by the controller component 230, isindicative of the power provided to the load 290. The value of the firstvoltage output 216 received by the second stage component 220 isvariable and dependent on the first voltage input 212 and a duty cycleof the first stage component 210.

In one embodiment, the second stage component 220 includes a transformerdevice having a primary section 226 electro-magnetically coupled to asecondary section 228. The primary section 226 is electrically coupledto the plurality of the switches 225. A primary current flows throughthe primary section 226 through a center tap 221. The secondary section228 is coupled in parallel to a second capacitor 223 and the load 290. Asecondary current, which is also the load current, flows through thesecondary section 228. In one embodiment, the load 290 is the CCFL.

The control component 230 is operable to receive a feedback input 232indicative of the power required by the load 290 and generate aplurality of control signals 234 for controlling the plurality ofswitches 225 and switch 215. In one embodiment, the plurality of controlsignals 234 includes the first and second control inputs 214 and 222. Inone embodiment, the feedback input 232 is indicative of the powerrequired by the load 290. Receiving the feedback input 232 may includereceiving measurement values for voltage 294 and/or current 296 (throughR 298) provided to the load 290.

In one embodiment, the plurality of switches 225 respectively includesfirst and second switches 227 and 229. In this embodiment, the first andsecond switches 227 and 229 have the same duty cycle but operate at a180 degree phase shift. The plurality of switches 250 control the flowof current from the first voltage output 216 received from the firststage component 210 to the primary section 226. The plurality ofswitches 250 thus control the magnitude and direction of the primarycurrent and hence the secondary current and the current flowing throughthe load 290.

In one embodiment, each control signal included in the plurality ofcontrol signals 234 controls a corresponding switch included in theplurality of switches 225 and the switch 215. Each control signalcontrols the corresponding control switch by placing it in an ON or OFFstate, and by controlling a time period during which the correspondingswitch remains in the ON or OFF state. That is, each control signalcontrols a duty cycle of the first and second stage components 210 and220. In one embodiment, each of the plurality of switches 250 and theswitch 215 is a MOSFET device.

The plurality of switches 250 may be configured in a variety ofconfigurations such as half-bridge and full-bridge. In the depictedembodiment, the plurality of switches is configured as a push-pullcircuit that includes the two switches 227 and 229. In one embodiment,the plurality of control signals 234 may include two control signalsoperable to control the corresponding two switches. In the depictedembodiment, the plurality of control signals 234 includes the secondcontrol signal 222 to control the operation of the first switch 227,with a complementary version (not shown) of the second control signal222 controlling the operation of the second switch 229. The controllercomponent 230 may operate the plurality of switches 250 and the switch215 at a variable or fixed frequency such as 60 KHz. In one embodiment,the controller component 230 may operate the plurality of switches 250and the switch 215 at a variable or fixed but different frequency.

FIG. 3A illustrates waveforms 301 and 302 associated with the operationof the first and second switches 227 and 229 respectively, according toan embodiment. In waveform 301, the amount of power provided to the load290 is adjusted by an amount of time t_(ON) 310 the first switch 227 isplaced in an ON state. That is, by increasing the duty cycle (computedas a ratio of t_(ON) 310 to t_(p) 320) the amount of power provided tothe load 290 is increased and vice versa. The second switch 229 has thesame t_(ON) 310 and operates at a 180 degree phase shift relative to thefirst switch 227, as shown in waveform 302. Thus, a maximum value forthe duty cycle is 50%.

FIG. 3B illustrates a graphical relationship between the efficiency ofthe first stage component 210 (shown on the Y-axis) and values of thefirst voltage input 212 (shown on the X-axis), according to oneembodiment. In the depicted embodiment, a first efficiency graph 330illustrates first stage efficiency of a commercially available two stageinverter such as the inverter 100 (shown on the Y-axis) plotted againstvarying values of the first voltage input 212 (shown on the X-axis). Onthe same graph, a second efficiency graph 340 illustrates first stageefficiency of the improved two stage inverter 200 (shown on the Y-axis)plotted against varying values of the first voltage input 212 (shown onthe X-axis). Thus, the improved two stage inverter 200 advantageouslydelivers a higher first stage efficiency when compared to thecommercially available two stage inverter (represented by an areabetween graphs 330 and 340).

FIG. 3C illustrates a graphical relationship between the efficiency ofthe second stage component 220 (shown on the Y-axis) and the firstvoltage output 216 (shown on the X-axis), according to one embodiment.In the depicted embodiment, an efficiency graph 350 illustrates theefficiency of the improved two stage inverter 200 (shown on the Y-axis)plotted against varying values of the first voltage output 216 (shown onthe X-axis). Thus, by varying values of the first voltage output 216between a minimum and a maximum range, the improved two stage inverter200 advantageously delivers a higher efficiency when compared to thecommercially available two stage inverter 100 maintaining asubstantially constant value of the output of the first stage DC-DCbooster.

FIG. 3D illustrates a graphical relationship between the overallefficiency of the improved two stage inverter 200 (shown on the Y-axis)and the first voltage output 216 (shown on the X-axis), according to oneembodiment. In the depicted embodiment, a first efficiency graph 360illustrates the efficiency of a commercially available two stageinverter such as the inverter 100 (shown on the Y-axis) plotted againstvarying values of the first voltage input 212 (shown on the X-axis). Onthe same graph, a second efficiency graph 370 illustrates the efficiencyof the improved two stage inverter 200 (shown on the Y-axis) plottedagainst varying values of the first voltage input 212 (shown on theX-axis). Thus, the improved two stage inverter 200 advantageouslydelivers a higher efficiency when compared to the commercially availabletwo stage inverter 100.

FIG. 4 is a flow chart illustrating a method for improving theefficiency of the two stage inverter 200 providing power to the load290, according to an embodiment. In step 405, a DC input, e.g., thefirst voltage input 212 is received. In step 410, a DC output, e.g., thefirst voltage output 216, of the first stage component 210 is adjustedto vary in response to receiving the DC input. In step 415, the DCoutput is received. In step 420, a duty cycle of the second stagecomponent 220 is adjusted to generate an AC output, e.g., the AC output224, in response to receiving the DC output. The AC output 224 providespower to the load 290. In step 430, a feedback input, e.g., the feedbackinput 232, which is indicative of the AC output 224, is received toadjust the DC output and the duty cycle.

Various steps described above may be added, omitted, combined, altered,or performed in different orders. For example, in one embodiment, steps405 and 415 may be combined with steps 410 and 420 respectively.

For purposes of this disclosure, an IHS may include any instrumentalityor aggregate of instrumentalities operable to compute, classify,process, transmit, receive, retrieve, originate, switch, store, display,manifest, detect, record, reproduce, handle, or utilize any form ofinformation, intelligence, or data for business, scientific, control, orother purposes. For example, the IHS may be a personal computer,including notebook computers, personal digital assistants, cellularphones, gaming consoles, a network storage device, or any other suitabledevice and may vary in size, shape, performance, functionality, andprice.

The IHS may include random access memory (RAM), one or more processingresources such as a central processing unit (CPU) or hardware orsoftware control logic, ROM, and/or other types of nonvolatile memory.Additional components of the IHS may include one or more disk drives,one or more network ports for communicating with external devices aswell as various input and output (I/O) devices, such as a keyboard, amouse, and a video display. The IHS may also include one or more busesoperable to transmit communications between the various hardwarecomponents.

FIG. 5 illustrates a block diagram of an information handling system 500having an improved two stage inverter, according to an embodiment. Theinformation handling system 500 includes a processor 510, a systemrandom access memory (RAM) 520 (also referred to as main memory), anon-volatile ROM 522 memory, a display device 505, a keyboard 525 and anI/O controller 540 for controlling various other input/output devices.It should be understood that the term “information handling system” isintended to encompass any device having a processor that executesinstructions from a memory medium. The IHS 500 is shown to include ahard disk drive 530 connected to the processor 510 although someembodiments may not include the hard disk drive 530. The processor 510communicates with the system components via a bus 550, which includesdata, address and control lines. In one embodiment, the IHS 500 mayinclude multiple instances of the bus 550. A communications controller545, such as a network interface card, may be connected to the bus 550to enable information exchange between the IHS 500 and other devices(not shown).

In one embodiment, a power supply system (not shown) providing power tothe IHS 500 incorporates the improved two stage inverter 200 (not shown)described in FIG. 2. In this embodiment, the display device 505 mayinclude a CCFL representing the load 290. The improved two stageinverter 200 may be configured to provide power to the display device505.

The processor 510 is operable to execute the computing instructionsand/or operations of the IHS 500. The memory medium, e.g., RAM 520,preferably stores instructions (also known as a “software program”) forimplementing various embodiments of a method in accordance with thepresent disclosure. In various embodiments the one or more softwareprograms are implemented in various ways, including procedure-basedtechniques, component-based techniques, and/or object-orientedtechniques, among others. Specific examples include assembler, C, XML,C++ objects, Java and Microsoft Foundation Classes (MFC).

Although illustrative embodiments have been shown and described, a widerange of modification, change and substitution is contemplated in theforegoing disclosure and in some instances, some features of theembodiments may be employed without a corresponding use of otherfeatures. Accordingly, it is appropriate that the appended claims beconstrued broadly and in a manner consistent with the scope of theembodiments disclosed herein.

1. A two-stage inverter for providing power to a display device, theinverter comprising: a first stage component operable to receive a firstvoltage input and a first control input to generate a first voltageoutput higher than the first voltage input, wherein the first controlinput is indicative of the power provided to the display device, whereinthe first voltage output varies in response to a change in the firstvoltage input by a predefined function; a second stage componentoperable to receive the first voltage output and a second control inputto generate the power, wherein the second control input is indicative ofthe power provided to the display device; a controller componentoperable to receive a feedback input indicative of the power required bythe display device and generate the first and second control inputs tothe first and second stage components, respectively; and the firstcontrol input provided to adjust a duty cycle of the first stagecomponent to vary the first voltage output in response to power requiredby the display device, and the second control input, generated by thecontroller component, is indicative of power provided to the displaydevice.
 2. The inverter of claim 1, wherein the predefined functioncomputes a difference between the first voltage input and a minimumvoltage value of the first voltage input.
 3. The inverter of claim 2,wherein the first voltage output is generated by adding a starting valuefor the first voltage input to the difference multiplied by a gainfactor.
 4. The inverter of claim 1, wherein the display device is a coldcathode fluorescent lamp (CCFL).
 5. The inverter of claim 1, wherein thesecond control input adjusts a duty cycle of the second stage componentoperating at a predefined frequency in response to the power required bythe display device.
 6. The inverter of claim 5, wherein the duty cycleincreases as the power increases.
 7. The inverter of claim 1, whereinthe first control input adjusts a duty cycle of the first stagecomponent operating at a predefined frequency in response to the powerrequired by the display device.
 8. The inverter of claim 7, wherein theduty cycle increases as the power increases.
 9. A method of improvingefficiency of a two-stage inverter providing power to a display devicecomprising: receiving, by a first stage component, a first voltage inputand a first control input to generate a first voltage output higher thanthe first voltage input, wherein the first control input is indicativeof the power provided to the display device, wherein the first voltageoutput varies in response to a change in the first voltage input by apredefined function; receiving, by a second stage component, the firstvoltage output and a second control input to generate the power, whereinthe second control input is indicative of the power provided to thedisplay device; providing a controller component operable to receive afeedback input indicative of the power required by the display deviceand generate the first and second control inputs to the first and secondstage components, respectively; and providing the first control input toadjust a duty cycle of the first stage component to vary the firstvoltage output in response to power required by the display device, andthe second control input, generated by the controller component, isindicative of power provided to the display device.
 10. The method ofclaim 9, wherein the predefined function computes a difference betweenthe first voltage input and a minimum voltage value of the first voltageinput.
 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the first voltage output isgenerated by adding a starting value for the first voltage input to thedifference multiplied by a gain factor.
 12. The method of claim 9,wherein the display device is a cold cathode fluorescent lamp (CCFL).13. The method of claim 9, wherein the second control input adjusts aduty cycle of the second stage component operating at a predefinedfrequency in response to the power required by the display device. 14.The method of claim 13, wherein the duty cycle increases as the powerincreases.
 15. The method of claim 9, wherein the first control inputadjusts a duty cycle of the first stage component operating at apredefined frequency in response to the power required by the displaydevice.
 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the duty cycle increases asthe power increases.
 17. The inverter of claim 1, wherein the firststage component is a DC-DC booster converter.
 18. The method of claim 9,wherein the first stage component is a DC-DC booster converter.